Which type of glue is noted for having the lowest toxicity?

Polyvinyl acetate (PVA)-based plain white glue is recognized for having the lowest toxicity among the options listed. This type of adhesive is commonly used in schools, arts and crafts, and various household applications due to its non-toxic nature and ease of use. PVA is water-based, which means it is safe for indoor environments, and it poses minimal health risks to people and pets when used according to the manufacturer's instructions.

In contrast, epoxy-based adhesives often contain higher levels of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and may release harmful fumes during the curing process, making them less suitable for environments with sensitive individuals. Caulking and silicone sealants can also contain toxic substances, particularly certain types that release solvents or other chemicals over time. Acrylic adhesives, while versatile and effective, can similarly carry a risk of more significant toxicity compared to PVA-based products.

Therefore, PVA-based plain white glue stands out as a safer option in terms of toxicity, making it the ideal choice for contexts where low chemical exposure is crucial.