What is a consequence of decreased ventilation in indoor environments?

Decreased ventilation in indoor environments often leads to higher levels of pollutants accumulating in the air, which directly impacts indoor air quality (IAQ). The reduced flow of outdoor air means that indoor contaminants such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs), allergens, and carbon dioxide can become more concentrated. While less ventilation might initially seem to lead to energy savings—because heating or cooling efforts can be more effective with a sealed environment—the trade-off is a significant deterioration in air quality. This condition can lead to health concerns such as respiratory issues, discomfort, and reduced cognitive function. Therefore, the correct understanding is that while energy savings may occur, the resulting poorer indoor air quality is a serious consequence of decreased ventilation.